RESUMO: Two new species are described from Brazil: Achryson tanabeae sp. nov. (Cerambycinae, Achrysonini), from Piauí; and Polymitoleiopus baduyi sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Acanthocinini), from Minas Gerais. An updated key to species of Achryson Audinet-Serville, 1834 is provided. Achryson immaculipenne humeromaculatum Tippmann, 1960 is synonymized under Ochrus tippmanni (Lane, 1956) (Cerambycinae, Hesperophanini). The male holotype of Achryson bucki Fuchs, 1961 and a paratype of Jabaquara tippmanni Lane, 1956 are illustrated for the first time. The problematic publication date of Volume 7, Number 4, of the “Revista Brasileira de Zoologia” is discussed.