RESUMO: Ancystroglossus caparaoensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is described based on specimens collected near a waterfall in the Caparaó National Park, an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The new species is most similar to A. strangulatus Chaudoir, 1863, from which it differs in the antennomeres 5–11 brown, rather than white or cream, in the rounded posterior pronotal angles, and the absence of an eighth elytral carina in each elytron. An updated identification key to adults of Ancystroglossus species is provided, together with photographs of the primary types of A. deplanatus Reichardt, 1967, A. dimidiaticornis Chaudoir, 1863, A. gracilis Chaudoir, 1863, A. punctatus Reichardt, 1967 and A. strangulatus Chaudoir, 1863.